Bioactive glass nanoparticle for bone and dental regenerations

This natural ability of bone and dental tissue is repairing itself but its ability is limited resulting from impaired bone regeneration, compromised regenerative process as severed damaged such as tumor removal or major trauma, or in patients with osteoporosis, or accident [1]. Severe bone damages and dental problems are important global public health problem for a few decades [2]. The gold standard for bone substitution using autografts is limited due to the morbidity and the inherent limited availability. Thus, synthetic bone graft substitutes from both natural and synthetic biomaterials have been clinically used for reconstructive orthopedic surgery and dental implantation to overcome the limitation of using autograft and allograft approaches [3, 4]. Bioactive glasses (BGs) are currently used as a bone-graft substitute for bone and dental regeneration applications as their bioactive properties to form a chemical bonding with the surrounding living tissues through the hydroxyl-carbonate apatite layer and their released ions to stimulate osteogenesis. BGs have high biocompatibility, tunable compositions, osteogenic potential, and ability to load and carry therapeutic ingredients and ions [5, 6]. Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNPs) have been introduced to improve the bioactivity of BGs resulting from a high specific area-to-volume ratio that increased the biodegradability and released therapeutic agents. The composition of BGNPs played an important role to stimulate biological activity [7]. Therefore, biologically active ions including zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and copper (Cu) have been used to modify the glass network [8].