แอคติโนมัยซีทที่มีคุณสมบัติไปรไบโอติกส์จากลำไส้ของปลานิล

Food is vital to the good health of almost every living organism including human because they provide the energy and the nutrients. Nowadays, the number of global human population keep increasing and nearly reach eight billion people on earth in 2019 (Worldometers.info). To cope with the increasing of the global food demand, the rapid growth of intensive farming of plant and animal is inevitably developed in order to maximize the total yield of food production in the agricultural area in Thailand. Nile tilapia or Pla Nin is one of the most important economic fish in Thailand. This history of Nile tilapia in Thailand has started since 1965 when the Japanese Emperor Akihito offered 50 freshwater Tilapia fishes to his Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Nile tilapia is easily propagated and has a good taste. Moreover, they could adapt to various environments. With the supervision and dedication of the King Bhumibol Adulyadej to improve the wellness of Thai people, Nile tilapia is massively cultured, widespread throughout Thailand and become the freshwater fish that Thai people consume the most. The intensive farming of Nile tilapia subsequently caused the bacterial or viral infection occurred in Thailand and other countries 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(Ha Thanh Dong et al., 2015; Kannika et al., 2017; Win et al., 2017) which cause the reduction of the fish and financial loss. These bacterial pathogens in Nile tilapia included Streptococcus agalactiae, Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas veronii and Edwardsiella ictalluri. To solve the problem, the bacterial infection was generally treated by using the antibiotics, chemicals and food additives. However, the improper usage of antibiotics led to antibiotics leftover in the environment as well as the antibiotics resistance which are against the food safety regulations. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms which inhabit the pathogenic bacteria and adjust the host-associated / ambient intestinal microbial community to assure the better usage of feed or improving the nutritional value for the host organism. As the alternative approach to antibiotics treatment, probiotics are gained attention in the food industry, animal industry and agriculture. Actinomycetes are the group of bacteria which are recognized for secondary metabolite producers., found in both terrestrial and marine habitats e.g. soil and mangrove forest. Some researches indicated the potential of actinomycetes as the probiotics in aquaculture (Tan, Chan, Lee, & Goh, 2016) and only a few actinomycetes strains was successfully isolated and used for probiotics in aquaculture so far. From our preliminary study, Streptomyces strain YNW004 isolated from acidic rhizosphere soil possessed the anti- Streptococcus agalactiae, Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas veronii and Edwardsiella ictalluri activity as shown in Figure 1. Interestingly, it could survive in the simulated gastric solution (ISP2 broth at pH2) and simulated intestinal solution (ISP2 broth with 0.4 % bile salt for two hours) (unpublished data). Moreover, other 60 actinomycete isolates were successfully isolated from the sediment and water in Nile tilapia pond from Samut prakarn province and about 79% of the isolates inhibited at least one pathogenic bacterium (Unpublished data). Therefore, it could be a successful research to screen the actinomycetes from Nile tilapia with potential probiotics properties.  

Figure 1. Antibacterial activities of actinomycetes isolate YNW004 against bacterial pathogen (unpublished data)