Driving scenarios and environmental settings in simulator-based driving assessment systems for stroke: a systematic review

Background: Driving simulators are effective tools to evaluate the driving abilities of patients with
stroke. They can introduce various driving scenarios which will greatly benefit both the assessors
and drivers. However, there is still no guidelines by which driving scenarios should be introduced in
the driving assessment.
Objectives: We conducted a systematic review to examine the utilization of driving scenarios and
environments in the simulator-based driving assessment for patients with stroke.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA. We searched PubMed, Web of
Science, ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library databases in January and
June 2022 to identify eligible articles published since 2010.
Results: Our searches identified 1,614 articles. We included 12 studies that applied driving simulators
to assess the driving performance of patients with stroke. The driving scenarios were
categorized into three categories – vehicle controls scenarios, hazard perception scenarios, and
trajectory planning scenarios – based on a certain set of driving abilities. The most common driving
scenarios are simple navigation (n = 8) and emergency stop (n = 8). The most frequently used
driving area is urban (n = 9), and a variety of roads and traffic conditions were found in the included
studies. Only 2 studies applied weather conditions, such as the clear and sunny condition or the
windy condition.
Conclusion: It is recommended for future research to consider covering scenarios from the
aforementioned three categories and further investigate the benefits of introducing