Thermal stable properties of solid hybrid nanoparticles for mixed convection flow with slip features

Following to improved thermal impact of hybrid nanomaterials, wide range applications of such materials is observed in the thermal engineering, extrusion systems, solar energy, power generation, heat transfer devices etc. The hybrid nanofuid is a modifed form of nanofuid which is benefcial for improving energy transfer efciency. In current analysis, the solid nanoparticles aluminium (φAl2O3) and copper (φCu) have been mixed with water to produce a new hybrid nanofuid. The investigation of a steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer fow of the resultant hybrid nanofuid on a vertical exponential shrunk surface in the existence of porous, magnetic, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions is carried out. Exponential similarity variables are adopted to transform the nonlinear partial diferential equation into a system of ordinary diferential equations which has been then solved by employing the shooting method in Maple software. The obtained numerical results such as coefcient of skin friction f′′(0), heat transfer rate −θ′ (0), velocity f′ (η) and temperature (θ(η)) distributions are presented in the form of diferent graphs. The results revealed that duality exists in solution when the suction parameter S ≥ Sci in assisting fow case. Due to nonuniqueness of solutions, a temporal stability analysis needs to be performed and the result indicates that the upper branch is stable and realizable compared to the lower branch.