Cyclic voltammetry determination of antipsychotic drug by a screenprinted electrode modified with a nanocomposite prepared from carbon nanotubes and metals

To achieve the proper use of clozapine (CLZ) and ensure that it is safe for patients with schizophrenia, the regular monitoring of serum CLZ levels is essential for ensuring the safe and effective use of this drug. Such monitoring enables required modifications to treatment programs to enhance effectiveness and reduce undesirable side effects. RuO2/Au/MWCNT refers to a composite material composed of three distinct layers: ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), gold (Au), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The RuO2/Au/MWCNT composite is likely designed to combine the beneficial properties of each component. In order to increase the surface-specific area of the working electrode (WE), electrical conductivity, and detection efficiency of CLZ, this study offers a modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) using RuO2/Au/MWCNT nanocomposites. The electrochemical CLZ determination was studied by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The proposed electrochemical sensor exhibited a CV response to CLZ within a linear range from 0.5 to 20 µM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 µM, at a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a sensitivity of 0.479 µA/µM. The resulting electrochemical sensor demonstrated wide linearity covering the therapeutic range (350-600 ng/ml) of CLZ, and this approach can be a good model for biomedical application for CLZ detection in the future.