Influence of different protein contents from several clonal varieties of Hevea brasiliensis latex on the properties of cured natural rubber film using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a curing agent

Natural rubber films were prepared from four different Hevea brasiliensis clones, namely RRIM600, RRIT251, PB235, and BPM24, using the creamed concentrated latex method. The creamed latexes were characterized by their protein content and particle sizes. The rubber particle surface characteristics were monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that the particle sizes of all clones varied in the range of 1.0–2.5 µm. Moreover, the RRIT251 clone exhibited higher protein content than the other clones. The influence of protein content on the properties of cured natural rubber (NR) was investigated using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Mechanical properties, crosslink density, relaxation behavior, and heat resistance indicated by T90 (temperature scanning stress relaxation, TSSR) were considered. The crosslink density of cured NR increased with higher protein content. This phenomenon can be attributed to the strong formation of rubber chains with GA cross-links through the amino groups of proteins present in rubber molecules. Consequently, Hevea brasiliensis clones with higher protein content facilitate improved crosslink formation within the GA system, resulting in enhanced mechanical and thermo-oxidative degradation properties (T90 from TSSR test).