Numerical study of the effects of twin-stacked tunneling with lagging distances on an adjacent building

The increasing demand for urban public transportation has inevitably necessitated the construction of twin-stacked tunnels in close proximity to existing buildings. Besides, tunnel construction time has become a crucial issue in dense urban, prompting strategies to utilization of additional tunnel boring machine and the reduction of the lagging distance between tunneling faces. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate the influence of the lagging distance of twin-stacked tunnels on nearby existing buildings to mitigate potential risks to both underground and on-ground structures, particularly, for the investigation of on-ground structural responses. Therefore, this paper employs three-dimensional (3D) finite analysis to thoroughly explore and gain insights into the effects of lagging distances of twin-stacked tunnels on both piles and on-ground structure of nearby existing building.