Transdermal Drug Delivery System of Hesperidin-Loaded Cubosomes for Anti-Aging

Skin, being the largest external organ of humans, is constantly exposed to the external 
environment. Consequently, it is highly susceptible to damage from external factors. Such 
damage affects the skin at the molecular level, causing signs of aging, leading to diseases, and 
resulting in premature skin aging. To combat this phenomenon, researchers have explored the 
potential of hesperidin as an antioxidant agent. Hesperidin is distinguished by its high capacity 
to effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species, its safety for the skin, and its affordability. 
However, hesperidin faces certain challenges that can be overcome with the use of an efficient 
carrier system like Cubosomes. These self-assembled inverted bicontinuous cubic 
nanoparticles, ranging from 100 to 500 nm in size, offer an ideal solution. This study aimed to 
determine the optimal formulation ratio of GMO (Glyceryl Monooleate) and Poloxamer 407 
for loading the maximum amount of hesperidin, thereby maximizing its anti-aging effect on 
the skin. The study revealed that a compromise ratio of 4.5% GMO to 0.5% Poloxamer 407 
achieved the highest encapsulation of hesperidin, with an impressive entrapment efficiency 
rate of 94% and a particle size of 207.4 nm. The formulation also demonstrated the highest 
drug release of 88.98%, along with 30% antioxidant activity