GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN COLD CHAIN AGRICULTURAL LOGISTICS

Purpose - The transportation sector contributes to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 26%. Considering this environmental challenge, this research aims to compare GHG emissions across three transportation modes in cold chain logistics of agricultural products. 

Design/methodology/approach - The study quantified the environmental impact for each mode —air, road, and rail, using LCA methodology with a case study from northern to southern Thailand over 1,628 kilometres in cold chain logistics of agricultural products.

Findings - The results show that air transport, which is the fastest transportation mode, is also the most emission-intensive at 0.8191 kgCO2-eq/tonne-km, primarily due to high fuel requirements. Road transport offers more flexibility and is widely used, emitting 0.1591 kgCO2-eq/tonne-km. Rail transport is not widely used in Thailand, but it emerges as the most sustainable route, producing only 0.0817 kgCO2-eq/tonne-km.

Research limitations/implications - The analysis did not account for emissions due to factors such as traffic congestion, frequent stopping and starting of vehicles, or other operational delays. It also does not include greenhouse gas emissions related to support activities during loading and unloading.

Practical implications - Research findings underscore the potential for significant emission reductions in cold chain logistics through prioritizing rail transport, highlighting the importance of sustainable transportation in the agriculture sector and mitigating the environmental impact. Despite high initial construction costs, rail transport had lower overall emissions due to its longevity and energy efficiency. 

Originality/value - This study provides a comprehensive comparison of GHG emissions across different transportation modes specifically for cold chain agricultural logistics in Thailand, contributing to sustainable transportation decision-making in the agriculture sector.