Advancing Low-Carbon Urban Development in Bangkok through Geodesign Methodologies

Bangkok, as Thailand’s capital, faces critical environmental challenges, including high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, recurring floods, severe air pollution, and the urban heat island effect. These issues threaten public health, urban infrastructure, and long-term sustainability. To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, Bangkok requires spatial planning tools that integrate data-driven analysis with participatory design processes.

This research develops and applies Geo design technology and the international IGC: GLG framework to create carbon emission models, simulate spatial scenarios (What-if Scenarios), and propose actionable policy recommendations. The methodology integrates spatial and quantitative data analysis, IGC-based scenario simulations, and participatory workshops with policymakers, experts, and community representatives. The findings reveal that 20% and 50% carbon reduction scenarios highlight priority sectors and areas with high mitigation potential. A prototype low-carbon spatial action plan was developed, offering measurable and applicable solutions for Bangkok’s policy landscape. Policy recommendations emphasize investment in green infrastructure, electrified transport systems, and urban ecosystem restoration as effective pathways toward emission reduction. Challenges include data availability limitations and the complexity of multi-sector integration. These were addressed through dataset validation, expert review, and adaptive research design. Overall, the study demonstrates how Geo design can bridge quantitative modeling, spatial visualization, and policy decision-making, supporting Bangkok’s transition toward a sustainable low-carbon future.