Effect of fly ash and cement wastes mixed with natural rubber for rapid shaping with water: mechanical, weathering, and dynamic mechanical properties
บทความในวารสาร
ผู้เขียน/บรรณาธิการ
กลุ่มสาขาการวิจัยเชิงกลยุทธ์
รายละเอียดสำหรับงานพิมพ์
รายชื่อผู้แต่ง: Nakaramontri Y.; Tangchirapat W.; Jongpradist P.; Damampai K.
ผู้เผยแพร่: Springer
ปีที่เผยแพร่ (ค.ศ.): 2025
นอก: 1735-5265
eISSN: 1735-5265
ภาษา: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
บทคัดย่อ
This study aims to develop a water-based rapid shaping of un-crosslinked natural rubber (NR) compounded with individual fly ash (FA) and cement (CM) wastes to produce a flexible canvas. The setting process is driven by the chemical reaction of calcium oxide (CaO), present in FA and CM, which rapidly reacts with water molecules through a pozzolanic mechanism. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, and the durability of the composites, were assessed for both before and after water immersion. The results demonstrated that at filler of 100–250 phr, NR served as the primary continuous matrix. In contrast, at 500 phr of filler, NR acted mainly as a binder, promoting adhesion among the abundant inorganic particles. To investigate the performance of the un-crosslink FA/NR and CM/NR composites under varying soaking durations, crosslinked NR was also prepared and evaluated through mechanical testing. It was found that both un-crosslink and crosslinked NR exhibited similar mechanical behaviors in terms of stiffness, Young’s modulus, and stress at low strain levels, particularly after 7 days of soaking. This similarity is attributed to the formation of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ₂) layers on the composites’ surfaces, which restrict the NR molecular chains mobility adhered to the FA and CM particles. Although CM, with its higher CaO content, imparted superior mechanical enhancement compared to FA, soaking duration emerged as a critical factor. Prolonged soaking led to convergence in properties of both additional fillers. These findings support the effective utilization of FA and CM wastes where slow-hardening, shape-controlled processing is desired. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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