Experimental and numerical investigations into quasi-static and low-velocity impact bending behaviors of FMLs considering interfacial properties of LPBF surface
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Author list: Uthaisangsuk V.; Srimanosaowapak S.; Nusom Y.
Publisher: Elsevier
Publication year: 2025
Journal: Composites Part B: Engineering (1359-8368)
Volume number: 307
ISSN: 1359-8368
eISSN: 1879-1069
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate bending behaviors of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) incorporating different interfacial properties under static and low-velocity conditions. The FMLs were a sandwich structure, consisting of Ti–6Al–4V layers as faces and continuous carbon fiber reinforce thermoplastic (CFRTP) as core, which were built by a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and fuse filament fabrication (FFF) technique, respectively. Experiments and FE simulations of quasi-static and low-velocity impact three-point bending tests were performed for studying effects of bonding characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V/CFRTP interfaces on bending performances of the FMLs. It was found that interfacial properties of LPBF surfaces, which were governed by the printing angle, significantly affected bending performances of test samples. Increasing the interfacial properties, including stiffness, strength and fracture energy, both bendability and impact resistance of FMLs were considerably enhanced, because risk of interface delamination was reduced and a mixed-mode failure was favored. The maximum load and critical deflection of FMLs improved about 212 % and 342 %, respectively, when the build angle of 45° was used, leading to the highest surface roughness of 22 μm. The impact energy absorption could also increase up to 47.18 %. Different failure mechanisms of FMLs were observed at varying initial impact velocities, including delamination, CFRTP core damage and fracture of titanium bottom face. Within the studied velocity range, the effect of impact velocity on measured maximum bending loads of FMLs was minimal at all interface properties. A delamination onset during low-velocity impact could be identified by a kink point on the velocity-deflection or energy-deflection curve. Tailored interfacial properties of FMLs could be achieved, which is essential for design optimization, requiring either high strength and stiffness or flexural compliance and damage tolerance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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