Polysaccharides Derived from Caulerpa lentillifera (Sea Grape) Inhibit Melanogenesis in Human Melanoma Cells and Promote Stemness in Stem Cells

Background/Aim: Aging results in diminished physiological functions and reduced stem cell activity, driving research into cellular mechanisms and natural compounds that support tissue regeneration and improve skin health. Marine algae, particularly Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grape), are rich in sulfated polysaccharides and widely used in the food and cosmetics industries due to their diverse biological properties, including UV protection, anti‑inflammatory effects, and hydration.
Materials and Methods: The expression levels of stem cell transcription factors were evaluated at the mRNA level using RT‑qPCR and at the protein level via western blot and immunofluorescence. Melanin content was quantified in human melanoma cells treated with sea grape extract.
Results: The findings revealed that treatment with sea grape significantly enhanced the expression of stem cell transcription factors in human Dermal Papilla (DP) cells, with mRNA levels of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 increasing by 20‑, 35‑, and 15‑fold, respectively. Likewise, in UE6E7T‑3 bone marrow stem cells, sea grape induced OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 induction by 1.5‑, 1.5‑, and 2.5‑fold, respectively. Corresponding protein levels of these stem cell markers also showed increased expression in both sea grape‑treated DP cells and UE6E7T‑3 cells. Additionally, sea grape exhibited a significant anti‑melanogenic effect on human melanoma cells.
Conclusion: Overall, sea grape reduces melanin levels and stimulates regenerative markers in stem cells, presenting a promising opportunity for developing novel products focused on pigmentation regulation and skin rejuvenation.