Simulation of neutral beam injection towards fast ion study in Thailand Tokamak-1
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Author list: Wisitsorasak, A.; Ogawa, K.; Sangaroon, S.; Chatthong, B.; Shimizu, A.; Paenthong, W.; Suksaengpanomrung, S.; Tamman, A.; Poolyarat, N.; Isobe, M.
Publisher: Elsevier
Publication year: 2026
Journal acronym: FED
Volume number: 222
Start page: 115455
ISSN: 0920-3796
eISSN: 1873-7196
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
Simulations of neutral beam injection (NBI) are performed using the Monte Carlo code NUBEAM to assess NBI utilization. The study investigates various injection conditions, including beam energy and direction. Results indicate that a 20 keV beam launched in the co-current direction with a tangential radius of 0.55–0.65 m is suitable for Thailand Tokamak-1. Incorporating the toroidal field (TF) ripple, the simulations show that most beam ions escape the last closed flux surface (LCFS) in the region between two adjacent TF coils due to banana drift loss and ∇B drift effect. Furthermore, Alfvén eigenmodes are computed using the AE3D code, based on three-dimensional equilibria reconstructed by the VMEC code. The analysis reveals that the gap frequencies occur within the range of 130–300 kHz. The minimum beam energy required to excite the TAE modes is 2 keV at the sideband resonance condition. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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