Tailoring nickel glycerate electrodes through precursor chemistry and sulfurization for enhanced battery-supercapacitor hybrid performance
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Author list: Kuo, T.-R.; Wang, Y.-H.; Chuang, B.-Y.; Kongvarhodom, C.; Yougbaré, S.; Saukani, M.; Chen, H.-M.; Lin, L.-Y.
Publication year: 2025
Journal acronym: J Environ Chem Eng
Volume number: 13
Issue number: 6
Start page: 119909
ISSN: 22133437
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
Nickel glycerate (Ni-G) is one of the promising active materials for battery-supercapacitor hybrids (BSHs), owing to its layered structure, large surface area, and redox-active nickel centers that support reversible Faradaic reactions. The selection of precursor salt significantly influences the crystallization behavior and phase evolution. In this study, nickel tetrafluoroborate (Ni(BF4)2) is utilized to introduce BF4⁻ ions for assisting in the regulation of crystal growth and the enhancement of interlayer spacing. The glycerol content is systematically varied during synthesis to tailor nanosheet morphology and improve ion transport pathways. Subsequent thermal oxidation and solvothermal sulfurization treatments are applied to convert Ni-G into nickel oxide (Ni-G-O) and nickel sulfide (Ni-G-S), respectively, enabling modulation of electrical conductivity and surface chemistry. The optimized Ni-G-S achieves the highest specific capacitance (CF) of 981.1 F/g at 20 mV/s, while Ni-G only presents a CF value of 138.5 F/g. The assembled BSH with Ni-G-S delivers a maximum energy density of 13.2 Wh/kg at 650 W/kg and obtains a CF retention of 93.8 % and Coulombic efficiency of after 7000 cycles. This work demonstrates the critical importance of precursor chemistry, glycerol content, and post-synthetic modification in enhancing electrochemical performance. Future work may focus on compositional tuning or hybridization strategies. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd.
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