Performance Impact of a Smart Home PV-Battery System under Multiple Feed-in Control Modes

This study evaluates the performance of a smart home photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with a battery energy storage under various feed-in control modes. Using data collected from 21 months, six feedin strategies were investigated. The analysis considers energy behavior and system performance by measuring system efficiency according to IEC 61724 standard indicators (e.g., Ya, Yf, Ntot, Lc). The results reveal that control modes allowing moderate to high feed-in percentages (20–99%) enhance the overall system efficiency and enable greater utilization of solar energy, reducing electricity purchases during hightariff periods. In contrast, zero feed-in modes result in increased clipping loss of solar generation and lower performance metrics. This comprehensive performance assessment provides practical insights for optimizing smart energy management strategies in residential PV-battery systems.