Transesterification of palm oil at near-critical conditions using sulfonated carbon-based acid catalyst
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Author list: Chanchaochai P., Boonnoun P., Laosiripojana N., Goto M., Jongsomjit B., Panpranot J., Mekasuwandumrong O., Shotipruk A.
Publisher: Taylor and Francis Group
Publication year: 2013
Journal: Chemical Engineering Communications (0098-6445)
Volume number: 200
Issue number: 11
Start page: 1542
End page: 1552
Number of pages: 11
ISSN: 0098-6445
eISSN: 1563-5201
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the production of biodiesel by transesterification of purified palm oil (PPO) at near-critical conditions using a carbon-based catalyst, synthesized by incomplete carbonization of naphthalene in sulfuric acid. The catalyst shows good activity for the reaction; with the most suitable condition found to be at a methanol-to-PPO molar ratio of 12:1, a carbon-based catalyst-to-PPO mass ratio of 0.5 wt.%, a reaction time of 30 min, and a reaction temperature of 270ฐC. This resulted in a FAME yield of about 95%. However, FAME yields were found to decrease after each reaction cycle from around 95% in the first to 61% in the second cycle, and to only 45% in the third cycle, as a result of catalyst deactivation due to acid leaching. ฉ 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords
Carbon-based catalyst, FAMEs, Purified palm oil, Sulfonation, Supercritical
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