Estimation of stress state-dependent elastic modulus of pavement structure materials using one-dimensional loading test
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Author list: Dararat S., Kongkitkul W., Arangjelovski G., Ling H.I.
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (0021-8561)
Volume number: 68
Issue number: 1
ISSN: 0021-8561
eISSN: 1520-5118
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
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Abstract
Exposure of mature green "Takanotsume" chili fruit to blue and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was investigated. The red LED accelerated the red color development of chili as indicated by higher a∗ and chroma values, as well as lower hue angle and total chlorophyll compared to the blue LED and darkness (control). These were linked to increases in β-carotene, free-capsanthin, and total carotenoids. The carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes, lycopene-β-cyclase (Lcyb), β-carotene hydroxylase (CrtZ), and capsanthin/capsolubin synthase (Ccs), were up-regulated by the red LED after 2 days of the experiment. The blue LED was more effective in increasing the expression of the phytoene synthase (Psy) gene at day 1 of experiment. The total phenolic, vitamin C content, and antioxidant capacity were also higher in the blue LED-treated chili. Results suggest that the responses of each carotenoid-related gene to the light wavelengths and the accumulation of phytochemicals are specific characteristics of this chili cultivar. © 2019 American Chemical Society.
Keywords
carotenoid biosynthesis, LEDs, mature green chili, phytochemicals
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