Effect of magnetic field and nanoparticle shape on jet impingement over stationary and vibrating plates
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Author list: Nimmagadda R., Lazarus G.A., Wongwises S.
Publisher: Taylor and Francis Group
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Carbon Management (1758-3004)
Volume number: 29
Issue number: 12
Start page: 4948
End page: 4970
Number of pages: 23
ISSN: 1758-3004
eISSN: 1758-3012
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
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Abstract
This research aims to study the Carbon (C) flow, stock and management in rice production system, including rice cultivation, rice processing and management of rice by-products. The study boundaries are the rice production systems of four districts in Phayao province and the assessment technique is Material Flow Analysis (MFA). The results show that there was a positive C stock each year from large input of biomass residue. However, C loss from soil respiration still was very high because of the long fallow period. Straw was plowed back to the soil and tilled just a few days before flooding time causing high methane emissions at the beginning of cultivation. The recommendations for technology and management practices include harvesting straw for composting and returning the compost to soil, plowing the rest of the straw back to soil more than 30 days before the flooding period, accepting crop rotation practice instead of leaving the land fallow and finally, setting up a gasification or pyrolysis plant using straw to produce energy and by-product of bio-char for farmer to return it back to the soil. Applying feed-in-tariff or incentives like C-credit for reducing methane and C-credit for increasing C stock in the soil are also recommended. ฉ 2019, ฉ 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords
Bio-char, biomass residue, C sequestration
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