Comparison of Two Strategies to Mitigate Power System Side and Customer Side in High Penetration EVs Connected in Power System

Nowadays, electric vehicles are being rapidly connected to the power system which has led to proposal of
many charging strategies to deal with it. Most of the researches focus on load leveling, power loss, voltage deviation, V2G integration, and charging cost by coordination of charging/discharging. However, most EV chargers are singlephase chargers, and previous charging strategies mentioned above cannot satisfy voltage unbalance, voltage deviation issues.
This paper proposes single-stage and double-stage optimization approach using PSO algorithm which coordinates charging/discharging in both active power and reactive power, which are able to satisfy both grid side and customer side such as voltage deviation, unbalance, minimization of charging, and battery degradation cost. The two strategies are evaluated and compared in their performance in IEEE 34 bus. The doublestage method is verified by analysis which highlights that the double-stage method is able to minimize voltage unbalance, voltage deviation, charging cost, and battery degradation cost. Thus, this work can be beneficial for the system operators to make a decision and manage to charge/discharging time schedule.