Black piglet brood environmental control system for Communities of Ban Pipor, Mae Tuen Subdistrict, Omkoi district, Chiang Mai Province

Ban Pi Pho Outback Community, Mae Tuen Subdistrict, Omkoi District, Chia Mai Province It is located at latitude 17 degrees north and longitude 98 degrees east. Most of the area is mountainous. It is about 900 meters above sea level. It is a community that does not have access to electricity. Ban Pi Por has a population of 58 households, totaling 277 people. Villagers in the community live in poverty. have an income of about 39,000 baht per household per year The daily way of life of the villagers is to do traditional agriculture/livestock, such as planting rice fields, planting rice fields, planting vegetable gardens, raising black pigs, raising chickens, raising cows, etc.

Raising black pigs is very important to the way of life. In addition to consumption/distribution Black pigs are also important in ceremonies such as marriage ceremonies of Karen people. (Use fattened black pork), etc. It can be seen that black pork is a source of protein food that has a very high dietary demand. But the production of black pigs in the area is not enough to meet the demand. Each household in Ban Pi Por Community needs to consume at least 4 pigs per year, but can only produce 2 pigs per household per year. Which depends on imports from outside the area worth about 377,000 - 580,000 baht. The reason why pig production is less than the demand is because raising piglets at suckling stage has a low survival rate of ≤ 50% (about 5 pigs per litter that survives. ) The reason for the low survival rate is that the piglets require a reed temperature of about 30-32 °C (for the mother pig). The optimum temperature is about 25-28 °C), but the temperature conditions of Ban Pi Por change a lot in each season and during each time of day and night. The characteristics of such temperature changes are similar to those of Omkoi District. Chiang Mai Province As shown in Table 1, which shows the mean minimum temperature. and the average peak in summer (Mar.-Apr.), rainy season (May-Oct.) and winter (Nov.-Feb.). In addition, the temperature each night from 17.00 - 7.00 In winter, it varies around 10-15 °C.

For this reason, it is necessary to design the suckling stage of the black piglet brood system. To increase the survival rate of piglets from ≤ 50 % to 70 % in rainy and winter seasons. for enough to be consumed and perform rituals to reduce imports from outside the community make the community self-reliant

The design of the piglet brooding system will choose the technology that is suitable for the area. A piglet brooding system will be designed for 1 mother black pig and 10-12 piglets. A review of past research has estimated that the volume of the pen, including the heating area, should be 2.4 x 2.4. x 0.6 m. Such volume should be close to a closed system. and from the review of research results on biomass furnace This made it possible to adapt the furnace to be used in this research. The furnace to be designed should be heated for approximately 12 hours without refueling. Because the stove will be used during the night (17.00 – 07.00) of the rainy season and winter.