ADDRESSING CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODEL THROUGH WASTE-TO-BIOCHAR TECHNIQUE PERFORMED BY HYDROTHERMAL MICROWAVE-ASSISTED TREATMENT AND PYROLYSIS FROM CANE AND SUGAR INDUSTRY

       Pyrolysis and hydrothermal microwave-assisted treatment at low temperatures were proposed for converting bagasse into solid fuel, more extraordinarily, for addressing circular economy model showing waste utilization and energy recovery practices from cane and sugar industry. When waste from cane and sugar industry performed under pyrolysis, bagasse, was injected in fixed-bed tube furnace at temperatures of 150 and 250 °C. The biochars under pyrolysis were conducted product by 98.23 % yield for 150 °C and by 81.58 % yield for 250 °C. The higher heating values performed pyrolysis were 16.19 and 16.63 MJ/kg on the dry, ash-free basis. The preparation of biochar by hydrothermal microwave-assisted treatment is an effective technique to convert bagasse into quality solid fuel at temperatures of 150 and 240 °C. The waste, bagasse, was treated into biochar product by 91.29 % yield for 150 °C and by 59.81 % yield for 240 °C on the dry basis. The higher heating values performed under hydrothermal microwave-assisted treatment were 16.23 and 16.88 MJ/kg on the dry, ash-free basis. The solid products obtained, biochars, were examined to characterize the possibility of their effective utilization as solid fuel using thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The biochars obtained showed higher heating value and became rich in carbon with increasing temperature, indicating that hydrothermal microwave-assisted treatment and pyrolysis can be a technique of circular economy model from cane and sugar industry.