Development of Integrated Building Energy Modeling in Pattaya City, Thailand

Transitioning energy systems towards carbon neutrality is necessary to have creative initiatives or
new innovations. These enable local governments and stakeholders to provide energy policies. This
research aims to develop and present a method for integrated building energy modeling. This includes
the analysis of energy conservation measures and energy-related CO2 emissions in an urban area.
The research used Pattaya city in Thailand as a case study. The scope of the building type covers
only residential buildings. The results show that the total energy use and energy-related CO2 emissions
in the six building types, including (1) single houses, (2) single buildings, (3) two-story houses, (4)
townhouses, (5) commercial buildings, and (6) hotels and condominiums, are 44,176,062 MWh/yr and
25,714,886 tCO2e/yr. The analysis of energy conservation measures revealed that replacing glazing areas
with Double IGU with Low-E, installing wall and roof insulation, thermal film, and solar photovoltaic
rooftops have high potential for energy-savings and energy-related CO2 emission reductions. These
measures led to total energy savings of 12,908,646 MWh/yr and energy-related CO2 emission reductions
of 7,514,123 tCO2e/yr. Local governments and stakeholders would benefit from the proposed method
for energy and carbon-neutral decision-making in cities.