Study of the subsidence of waste in landfill areas in Thailand using aerial photography technology

Due to the rapid increase in waste problems in Thailand and the incapacity of landfills to accommodate the growing waste volume, unmanned aerial vehicle technology has been employed to survey and monitor waste degradation behaviors. This is a safe and efficient alternative. This research studies waste degradation in Thai landfills, aiming to understand the change in waste volume compared to imported waste and to study waste degradation patterns. Data was collected through aerial photography and ground coordinates using unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite measurements. The data was then processed using Agisoft Metashape software. Two data sets were compared over a testing period of 30-45 days. The accuracy of aerial photography mapping data was assessed using RMSE, comparing it against ASPRS standards. Data set 1 met the criteria for "Visualization and less accuracy work" with an accuracy of equal to or greater than 3 pixels, while data set 2 fell into the categories of "Standard mapping and GIS work" and Highest accuracy work, with accuracies of equal to or less than 2 pixels and 1 pixel, respectively. Data set 1 had an average volume of 4,510,000 m3, while data set 2 had an average volume of 3,884,000 m3. The decreasing trend in waste volume indicates the amount of waste that can be disposed of within the specified timeframe.