CFD modeling of particle deposition in human airways: Effect of inhalation rate, body temperature, and relative humidity
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Author list: Adnan, M.; Kampeewichean, C.; Tanprasert, S.; Korkerd, K.; Piumsomboon, P.; Tipratchadaporn, S.; Chalermsinsuwan, B.; Piemjaiswang, R.
Publisher: Elsevier
Publication year: 2026
Volume number: 108
Start page: 99
End page: 112
Number of pages: 14
ISSN: 1674-2001
eISSN: 2210-4291
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
Abstract
This study examines local particle deposition in an idealized Weibel tracheobronchial model up to six generations (G0–G6). The Discrete Phase Model (DPM) was employed to simulate airflow and particle motion. This study aimed to explore the combined effects of transient airflow patterns and environmental conditions (body temperature and relative humidity). These environmental factors can alter airflow properties, which in turn affect particle transport and deposition in human airways. Results of this study show that airflow rate and body temperature have a strong influence on deposition and particle escape, with airflow rate being the dominant factor. Deposition increases with airflow rate, while body temperature reduces it. Moreover, particle escape decreases as more particles attach to the fluid phase. The highest deposition is predicted in G1. Furthermore, at the outlet, velocity is observed to be considerably higher than at the inlet, and particle trajectories remain asymmetrical despite the airway’s symmetrical geometry. Although this work is based on an idealized Weibel model that cannot fully replicate the patient-specific airways, the findings of this study under realistic environmental conditions provide valuable insights for fundamental research on particle behavior and deposition in the human respiratory system. © 2025 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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