Gripper Design for Automatic Trimming System in Forging Process
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Publication Details
Author list: Jantanalach S., Vongbunyong S.
Publisher: Elsevier
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Renewable Energy (0960-1481)
Volume number: 639
Issue number: 1
ISSN: 0960-1481
eISSN: 1879-0682
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
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Abstract
The currently high upfront costs of batteries and the low retail electricity prices of households make investments in PV–battery systems not yet economically feasible. However, the experiences/learning curves of renewable generation technologies lead to the assumption that battery prices will rapidly decline with increasing diffusion. Furthermore, projected retail electricity rates are expected to increase with rising electricity demand. This study investigates the returns to residential customers using PV–battery systems under decreasing battery prices in Thailand. The impacts of four additional parameters have been included. The analysis is based mainly on net present values (NPV) and levelized costs of electricity (LCOE). The results show that battery size and its cost, and retail rate design have significant impacts on the returns, whereas buyback incentives for excess electricity have the lowest impact. In addition, to increase the power system flexibility by using PV–battery systems, the Thai government should provide the appropriate financial support, by which the savings incurred by the grid extension investments compensate for the costs. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
battery, Customer economics, Residential
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