High-performance hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis achieved by small core-shell copper nanoparticles
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Author list: Liu C., Dong H., Ji Y., Rujisamphan N., Li Y.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Publication year: 2019
Journal: Water Science & Technology (0273-1223)
Volume number: 551
Start page: 130
End page: 137
Number of pages: 8
ISSN: 0273-1223
eISSN: 1996-9732
Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)
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Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the degradation of natural organic matter responsible for the formation of trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitrile (HAN) during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and a co-exposure of UV with chlorine (UV/chlorine) and chloramine (UV/ chloramine). Low pressure UV (LPUV) and vacuum UV (VUV) lamps were used for photolysis. VUV and LPUV irradiation changed aromatic/unsaturated structures to aliphatic ones, resulting in decreased THM and HAN formation. Following irradiation for 60 min, LPUV decreased THM and HAN by 16% ฑ 2% and 20% ฑ 6%, respectively. VUV decreased THM and HAN formation by 23% ฑ 3% and 20% ฑ 8%, respectively. HAA formation increased following photolysis. UV/chlorine treatment decreased THM, HAA and HAN. Higher chlorine doses had an inversely proportional relationship with THM and HAN formation. A chlorine dose of 4 mgทL1 led to the greatest reductions, corresponding to 42% ฑ 2%, 10% ฑ 10% and 18% ฑ 6% for THM, HAA and HAN, respectively. UV/chloramine decreased the formation of THM more than UV/chlorine. With a chloramine dose of 4 mgทL1, THM, HAA and HAN formation decreased by 74% ฑ 10%, 10% ฑ 10% and 11% ฑ 10%, respectively. This study showed the potential use of UV/chlor(am)ine for controlling the formation of THM, HAA and HAN. ฉ IWA Publishing 2019 Water Science and Technology.
Keywords
UV/chlor(am)ine, UV photolysis
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