A novel optimal PID controller autotuning design based on the SLP algorithm

Journal article

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Publication Details

Author list: Pongfai J., Su X., Zhang H., Assawinchaichote W.

Publisher: Wiley

Publication year: 2020

Journal: Expert Systems: The Journal of Knowledge Engineering (0266-4720)

Volume number: 37

Issue number: 2

ISSN: 0266-4720

eISSN: 1468-0394

URL: https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075197160&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&st1=A+novel+optimal+PID+controller+autotuning+design+based+on+the+SLP+algorithm&sid=bcad0ecffca922161df559838ea6ce97&sot=b&sdt=b&sl=90&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28A+novel+optimal+PID+controller+autotuning+design+based+on+the+SLP+algorithm%29&relpos=0&citeCnt=11&searchTerm=

Languages: English-Great Britain (EN-GB)

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Abstract

In this study, the molecular compressibility (k m ) of a fatty-acid methyl ester (FAME) or a biodiesel is correlated with ΔG, (Formula presented.), via the Gibbs energy additivity method, where MW is the molecular weight of the FAME or the average MW of the biodiesel. The Gibbs energy associated with molecular compressibility ((Formula presented.)) is further correlated with the structure of FAME. Thus, the relationship between the structure (of a FAME or a biodiesel) and the physical property (k m ) is established. Thus, k m of a FAME at different temperatures can be easily estimated from the carbon numbers of fatty acid (z) and the number of double bonds (n d ) with good accuracy. For biodiesel, k m is calculated from the same equation with the average z (z (ave) ) and average n d (n d(ave) ). k m is not temperature independent and a slight change in k m depends on the structure of the FAME and biodiesel. For FAME having 14 carbon atoms or less in the fatty acid, k m decreases as temperature is increased. On the other hand, for FAME with a longer chain length (16 or higher), k m increases as temperature is increased. Similarly, a double bond in the long-chain FAME is more sensitive to temperature than the saturated FAME. © 2018 AOCS

Keywords

Fatty-acid methyl ester, Gibbs energy additivity, Molecular compressibility